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They are also used in liquid-cooled chillers for transferring heat between the refrigerant and the water in both the evaporator and condenser, and in air-cooled chillers for only the evaporator. Shell and tube heat exchanger design [ edit] There can be many variations on the shell and tube design. Typically, the ends of each tube are connected to plenums (sometimes called water boxes) through holes in tubesheets. The tubes may be straight or bent in the shape of a U, called U-tubes. In nuclear power plants called pressurized water reactors, large heat exchangers called steam generators are two-phase, shell-and-tube heat exchangers which typically have U-tubes. They are used to boil water recycled from a surface condenser into steam to drive a turbine to produce power. Most shell-and-tube heat exchangers are either 1, 2, or 4 pass designs on the tube side. This refers to the number of times the fluid in the tubes passes through the fluid in the shell. In a single pass heat exchanger, the fluid goes in one end of each tube and out the other.
Base Number Base-10 [ base-10] Base-10 is equivalent to decimal. Base-11 [ base-11] The undecimal (base-11) positional notation system is based on the number eleven. The undecimal requires eleven symbols 0-9 and A. Base-12 [ base-12] Duodecimal system (also known as base-12 or dozenal) is a positional notation numeral system using twelve as its base. The duodecimal requires twelve symbols such as: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A and B. Base-13 [ base-13] Tridecimal, tredecimal, triskadecimal or base-13 is a positional numeral system with thirteen as its base. It uses 13 different digits for representing numbers. The digits for base 13 could be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, and C. Base-14 [ base-14] Tetradecimal (base-14) positional notation system is based on the number fourtheen. The tetradecimal requires fourteen symbols such as: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D. Base-15 [ base-15] Pentadecimal (base-15) positional notation system is based on the number fifteen. The pentadecimal requires fifteen symbols such as: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E. Base-16 [ base-16] Base-16 is equivalent to hexadecimal.
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